CIENTÍFICOS HALLAN EL “BOTÓN DEL SUEÑO” EN NEURONAS CEREBRALES.
¿Qué nos hace tener sueño e ir a dormir por la noche? La Universidad de Oxford, en sus últimas investigaciones en el Centro de circuitos neuronales, han logrado identificar el -botón o neuronas interruptor- que indicaría a los seres vivos, cuándo ha llegado la hora de irse dormir.
Este interruptor-indicador del sueño, actúa mediante el control de las actividades de un grupo de neuronas que se estimulan en conjunto y generan sueño en el individuo. Cuando estamos cansados y necesitamos dormir, se encienden este grupo de neuronas, retro estimulándose y cuando ya estamos descansados, y no necesitamos dormir más, se dejan de estimular.
Aunque aún está en fase experimental, es un gran avance que mejoraría la calidad de vida y aportaría conocimiento de la estructura cerebral y los mecanismos reguladores del organismo.
Mecanismos reguladores del Sueño.
El sueño del reloj natural y biológico-armonizador, de todos los seres vivos, que actúa con el periodo de un día de 24 horas.
El sueño –homeostato- que es un conector situado en el cerebro que realiza seguimiento de las horas de vigilia y sueño. Este mecanismo nos avisa siempre, enviándonos señales para ir a descansar o dormir –nos entra sueño y letargo- nos obliga, independientemente de factores externos, a ir a dormir por estar agotados.
¿Qué nos hace tener sueño e ir a dormir por la noche?
Es una combinación de los dos mecanismos del sueño. La melatonina es la hormona del sueño.
La Hormona de la melatonina está producida por la glándula pineal, situada en el centro del cerebro, que genera secreciones nocturnas, en reacción a la oscuridad, para ayudar a nuestro cuerpo a regular los ciclos de sueño, y disminuye por la mañana.
Nuestro cuerpo genera de forma natural esta hormona pero la melatonina disminuye a medida que envejecemos, y es por eso que las personas mayores tienen problemas de insomnio.
Se puede usar la Melatonina para generar descanso o sueño en los individuos pero también como un buen antioxidante, que retrasa el envejecimiento, y es además un ansiolítico natural.
¿Por qué tenemos que ir a dormir?
Una de las necesidades principales de todos los seres vivos, es el sueño, éste sueño nos ayuda a estar despiertos y alertas para la supervivencia diaria.
Experimentaciones privando, total o parcialmente del sueño, demostraron que el no dormir o dormir poco genera un desequilibrio total y un caos en el organismo, pudiendo acarrear la muerte del individuo, en casos extremos, y si no se restaura el descanso por un pequeño periodo de tiempo, el deterioro es físico y mental, provocando que se deterioren las funciones diurnas, disminuya el rendimiento intelectual, dificultad en la concentración y memoria, y principalmente disminuye la capacidad de razonamiento, abstracción y reflejos en los individuos que no duermen o duermen poco o mal. Los efectos del deterioro en el organismo, por no dormir, pueden favorecer:
- Aumento en temer más peligros de accidentes de tráfico, domésticos y laborales.
- Aumenta la posibilidad del desarrollo de trastornos Psiquiátricos.
- Aumenta la ansiedad y la irritabilidad.
- Puede aparecer alucinaciones, ataque epilépticos y demás alteraciones neurológicas.
Estas últimas investigaciones, que nos indican la localización del “botón del sueño” entre determinados grupos neuronales, podría ayudar a encontrar sistemas de curación y mejora de los tratamientos para regularizar los trastornos del sueño y cuando nos vayamos a dormir, podremos respondernos, ¿Qué nos hace tener sueño e ir a dormir por la noche?
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