Misterios de la Tierra.
Territorios de Aztecas y Mayas.
LOS MAYAS, EL MAÍZ, SU ARTE Y LOS DIOSES.
La civilización Maya, se desarrolló ente el año 3000ac y el 2000ac, coincidiendo con el momento culminante de la aparición de la agricultura y el establecimiento del maíz en esa zona terrestre, como sustento principal. La llegada del maíz a esta civilización Maya, es todo un misterio, que acreditados investigadores han querido resolver, sin por el momento, llegar a conclusiones determinantes.
EL MAÍZ, PRODUCTO IMPORTANTE PARA LOS MAYAS.
Tanto a lo largo del siglo XX y lo que llevamos de éste XXI no acaban de resolver el misterio de cómo llegó el maíz a esas tierras. Unos señalan, que la procedencia primigenia del maíz florece en la cuenca del Danubio –transcaucásica- de Asia y no en América. Otros investigadores, alegan que la procedencia original es de Colombia, Perú o México, según cada estudio realizado, pero generalizaban que estos eran los centros primarios de la diversidad genética del maíz. En general consideran que la primera aparición del maíz fue entre el 7000ac o el 5000ac.
LA APARICIÓN DEL MAÍZ UN MISTERIO EN LEYENDAS MAYAS.
Los Dioses, los Mayas y sus pinturas.
La aparición misteriosa del Maíz según Leyedas Mayas “POPOL-VUH” y el “TECPÁN-ATITLÁN”, recogen que el maíz fue un regalo de los Dioses a los humanos de la tierra.
El POPOL-VUH indica, que en la creación del hombre actual u “hombre de maíz” fue el resultado de 6 intentos de creación previos del hombre y que todas fracasaron, hasta que los dioses pudieron crear al –hombre de maíz-.
Su creador-formador fue el Dios QUETZALCÓATL, quién fue el que regaló el maíz a los hombres, previo haber sido robado del “monte de nuestro sustento” que otros dioses poseían. Para realizar el robo del maíz tuvo la ayuda del Dios-a NANÁHUATL.
LAS PIRÁMIDES, GRANDES CIUDADES Y SU ARTE.
Pirámide Maya
Alrededor del 2000ac se comienzan las construcciones de los grandes pueblos y ciudades, principalmente donde hoy es zona selvática. Estas estructuras preclásicas alcanzaron su máximo esplendor sobre el 250ac, produciéndose el primer colapso sobre el 150dc, así hasta su desaparición definitiva alrededor del año 800 o 900dc.
A partir del 830 d.C. inició la etapa de desintegración de patrones que adquirieron su punto prominente sobre el 650 dc.
Las causas de la decadencia de la Civilización Maya no se pueden precisar con claridad, de lo que sí se tiene constancia, es que en un corto espacio tiempo, la cultura de la elite desapareció de los edificios públicos.
Su capacidad artística, consta en los restos de los vestigios encontrados y que abarcan desde la edad preclásica sobre el 2000ac hasta el clásico 250dc. Sus refinadas técnicas artísticas, demostraban en su disposición arquitectónica de palacios, pirámides, templos y arte en general, un alto grado de clasismo elitista donde la figura de la realeza, sus familiares y demás, representaban los motivos arquitectónicos y artísticos del momento.
Artesanía Maya.
Los mayas edificaron grandes templos y grandes ciudades como Nakbé, San Bartolo en Petén, Tikal, Palenque, Copán, Calakmul, Uaxactún y Piedras Negras. Los monumentos de las mayas más notables son las pirámides como centros religiosos y políticos.
La Historia Maya, es conocida a través de sus escritos de Religión, Arte, Arquitectura, Matemáticas y demás utensilios y esculturas encontrados dentro de las pirámides y ruinas.
Los mayas habitaron un extenso territorio con una cobertura que comprendía 389.610 km², esos territorios en la actualidad son los denominados, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatán, Tabasco, Chiapas en México, Guatemala, Belice, Honduras y El Salvador.
Periodo histórico Maya.
LLEGARON LOS ESPAÑOLES.
A la llegada de los españoles, a zonas del Yucatán y del Petén, zonas álgidas de la cultura Maya, se puede evidenciar que su composición constaba de un gran mestizaje cultural, formadas entre influencias Toltecas, Aztecas y una fuerte reminiscencia de la ancestral cultura Maya.
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